A novel individual-group-merchant relation model is proposed to automatically identify fake reviews on E-commerce platforms, which focuses on the characteristics of fake reviewers’ behaviors instead of review contents. Three sets of indicators are proposed, i.e. individual indicators, group indicators and merchants’ indicators. To validate the model, an empirical study of fake review identification from a Chinese E-commerce platform is implemented. A number of 97804 reviews posted from 9558 different IP addresses, which are related to 93 online stores, are selected as test data. Results show that the F1-measure values of the proposed model on identifying fake reviewers, online merchants and groups with credit manipulation are 82.62%, 59.26% and 95.12%, respectively. Utilizing logistic regression and K nearest neighbor classifier based on the comments of the content as the baseline methods, the F1-measure values are 52.63% and 76.75%, respectively. Thus, the IGMRM model outperforms traditional methods in identifying fake reviewers.

The organic bentonites were prepared with the low-level Ca-bentonites obtained from Jianping, Liaoning province. By means of orthogonal experiment, the optimal conditions of organic bentonites preparation are 20 g natural bentonite, 6.25 g CTMAB, 150 mL water, stirring time 3 hours, and standing time 2 days. XRD shows d(001) value of modified bentonite has increased from 1.5286 nm to 2.1567 nm, TG-DTA, and FT-IR prove organic modifiers have entered into the interlayers of the bentonites. A hydrophobic and lipophilic analysis of the modified bentonites was made. By one time modified technics, the traditional technics of organoclay preparation only by cation exchange reaction of Na-montorillonite with quaternary ammonium salt organic cation (HDTMA) are innovated and the cost of the organoclay preparation is greatly reduced.

In the supergene zones of Xialei manganese deposit in Guangxi, south China, there is abundant resource of natural cryptomelane, which is well known as a manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve having a well-defined 2*2 tunnel structure (OMS-2) with K⁺ situated in tunnel positions. This study was focused on the occurrence characteristics of the cryptomelane-bearing ores and the mineralogical characteristics of natural cryptomelane. The morphology, chemical and structure features of natural cryptomelane were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence(XRF). The morphology of the natural cryptomelane crystals via SEM showed short prismatic, needle-like and fibrous shapes with the diameters varying from few nanometers to hundreds nanometres. The MnO₂ content was by and large over 90% and K₂O ranged from 2.52 to 4.37wt%. However, the composition resulted from EDS revealed a higher content of K, 3.37 - 4.17wt%. The XRD of the samples agreed with a monoclinic cryptomelane and the cell parameters were given as a = 9.956nm, b = 2.870nm, c = 9.706nm and β = 90.95°. The phase transformation temperature of the natural cryptomelane was about 635.5℃ examined by TGA and DTA and the cryptomelane was changed to bixbyite at a higher temperature. These studies reveal the significant features of cryptomelane for the potential application in the environmental materials science.

The definition and classification of tunnel structure minerals are prop osed. The framework characteristics for typical tunnel structure minerals are described in detail, such as natrolite, laumontite, phillipsite, chabazite, mordenite, palygorskite, sepiolite, beryl, hemimorphite, pyrolusite, ramsdellite, cryptomelane, psilomelane, todorokite, manganite, cacoxenite, beryllonite and patite, which belong to silicate, manganese oxide and hydroxide minerals and phosphate respectively. The effects of surface absorption, tunnel structure and catalytic reaction, which were applied in the field of harnessing contamination and remedying environment, are also discussed. The tunnel minerals will play important roles in the future development of the exploitation of environmental properties, chemical and microbial modifications as well as synthetic tunnel structure minerals.

The structures of perovskites in the system CaTiO₃-SrTiO₃ were measured and refined at room temperature by X-ray powder diffraction. The sequence of phase transitions for Ca_1-xSr_xTiO₃(0≤x≤1), found with increasing Sr content, is orthorhombic Pbnm, orthorhombic Bmmb, tetragonal I4/mcm and cubic Pm3m. The boundaries of phase transitions are at x=0.45(5)for Pbnm-Bmmb, x=0.65(5) for Bmmb-I4/mcm and x=0.92(2) for Pm3m, respectively.